This is an example of sketching, and this form of style usually uses simple materials such as pencils and erasers, and sometimes colored pencils, but don't be fooled, this usually uses multpile different shades and materials of pencils, as well as color pencils, and this is usualy the style that can make realistic masterpieces with black and white. The picture above shows the difference between realistic sketching and free drawing!
This picture shows multiple different styles! In the furst row, ypu can see examples of abstract, Greek, and the third one combines art with different shapes and colors, and he last one in the first row is a drawing of a light house which can be considered as acrchitectural painting. In the second, third and forth row, you also see examples of these painings! Some of the most popular paining styles include realism, impressionism, abstract, cartoon, and pop.
Even though this just looks like an exceptionally well decorated room, it is much more than that and there is art all around the room. For example, if you look at the floor, you can see that it is patterned, and you can also see if you look up, there is a unique looking chandelier as well! Just like this room, everyone has art all around them, and the whole world revolves around it. Art doesn't have to made with paint and pencils, it can even be made with wires, brick and other materials that don't come first to mind when you thnk of art. Something that you do veryday, such as cook, or come up with an outfit even is a form of art. So look all around you, and if you pay more close attention, you will see what you weren't able to see before!